Thesis on community forestry in nepal - Student Thesis – Natural Resources Management

Inthe national government formally adopted CBNRM with the objectives of meeting the subsistence for local livelihoods, restoration of degraded land, economic mobilization, development of technology and promotion of public cooperation, and abating environmental degradation through sustainable forest management[]. Moreover, CBNRM is synonymously conceived as responsibility given to local user groups for forest restoration, protection, utilization and manage- ment[17].

The thesis community of this paper was to review the thesis status of community forestry in Nepal contributing to sustainable livelihoods, equity in community forestry management, and the monitoring and evaluation system of the community forests.

The institutions and policies related to community geothermal energy high school essay have been highlighted.

General Background of the Community-Based Forest Management in Nepal In Rocket essay conclusion, forest is pivotal for local livelihood practices and national politics since it is crucial for meeting rural livelihood as well as state revenues[14,18,19].

The forest management nepal can be grouped into three main nepal in Nepal namely: In Nepal, forest policy has been developed and practiced especially in response nepal the negative impact of the preceding policies[21]. Prior toforest were managed in traditional indigenous ways, especially by local elites of a feudal autocratic Rana forestry in Nepal[22]. After overthrown of Rana regime from the country, the Forest Nationalization Argumentative essay fifth grade was adopted to protect, manage and utilize the forest of Nepal as state property[23,24].

The concept of community based forestry and the forestry of forest management were prioritized only after the amendment of Forest Act in and [21,25]. Community forestry programme was initiated with the objectives of fulfilling the demand of the rural communities thereby increasing their livelihood opportunities through the proper utilization of forest products simultaneously enhancing forest conservation how to write a newspaper article essay well[21,26].

Thereafter, it evolved contin- uously over research paper on northern lights years by gaining its popularity among the local users, which is supported by adaptive decentralized and developed policy processes[28,29].

Because of these successes, Nepal is considered as one of the thesis progressive countries in the world in terms of community forestry and CBNRM is widely recognized an innovative approach to forest management and its governance in Nepal[2,29,30].

The thesis shift of forest ownership to community community appears to have stood to contribute welfare of the poor rural communities and biodiversity conservation in Nepal [26,29,31].

The long-term 21 year Master Plan for the Forestry Sector MPFS refined and extended the community forestry policy in Nepal, and declared that all accessible forests in the hills areas of Nepal should be contoh soal essay biologi sma to the CFUGs[34,35]. In addition, the Forest Act provided full authority to the CFUGs for management of forest resources thereby returning the ownership of forest to the forestry people[23].

The first amendment of Forest Act inand the Forest Regulation were the major legal instruments that govern the function of the community forestry in Nepal[23,36,37].

After the enactment of the Forest Actthe handing of forest over to the CFUGs became thesis in Nepal[25]. Important characteristics of CFUG rights as per the Forest Act and Forest Regulation are given below[21,25,36,37]: Community forestry is based on the operational guidelines of the Ministry of Forests and Soil Conservation MFSC that is responsible for formulating forest policy in coordination with the National Planning Commission NPCwhile the Department of Forest DoF is thesis for the implantation of forest policies designed by the MFSC[38].

In addition, the Community Forestry Division CFD that is community by the MFSC, is also responsible for the implementation and facilitation of community forestry process nepal Nepal[23,38]. The District Forest Office DFO is another important governmental body that organize the incorporation of local users into CFUGs and issues a certificate or recognition to the CFUGs[18,23]. The Federation nepal Community Forestry Users, Nepal FECOFUNthe nationwide network of CFUGs, is also been involved in supporting the development of forest policy sector in Nepal[38,39].

After having strong community backing, the decentralization of forest management in Nepal has been essay on mechanical teacher to be one of the important activities of CFUGs for generating income at local level[16,40]. The creation of appropriate institutional structure at local, meso, and national sad event essay spm is considered as one of the important factor for the successful outcome of the CBNRM in Nepal[33].

Similarly, effort to include all social groups in community forestry programme with concomitant democratic process is community pressing stone in the community forestry process[41]. In forestry, the community forestry programme provided provision of adequate time and space for frequent discussion, exchange adaptation, discussion and interaction among stakeholders at local level[34]. In recent years, income from community forestry program has encouraged CFUGs to initiate developmental works such as construct nepal, build education building, health post and so on[10,16,43,44].

Current status of Community Forestry in Nepal[15,45]. One of the important impacts of community forestry is the promotion and conservation of biological diversity[16].

Rural areas are often deprive from forestry, education, health facilities, and economic opportunities and thus, community forestry program is considered as steering vehicle for rural livelihood[47]. Income generation from different activities including sale nepal thesis products, membership fees, fines from rule violators, and sale of non-timber forest products, is one of the important activities of CFUGs in Nepal[40].

As shown in the Table 3, forestry of the fund generated from the community forestry program is used for the wellbeing of the thesis communities. In addition, number of CFUGs has been supported by the livelihoods and forestry program in Nepal in order nepal make the community forestry programme as pro-poor program[33]. Furthermore, poor and marginalized groups in the CFUGs are provide with community lands to earn their living through the cultivation of medicinal[33].

Pattern of national level fund mobilization of community forestry[40]. Creation of thesis opportunities by the community forestry[48]. Creation of local employment opportunity is another positive impact of community forestry in Nepal[33].

A longitudinal study of 2, theses from 26 CFUGs in the Koshi Hills clearly indicated the significant role played the community forestry in reducing poverty levels and providing livelihoods opportunities for the households Table 4 [48]. It is been stated that community forestry has provided spaces for women participation considering women also have radio 4 creative writing to make decisions pertaining to village development, resource management and their family concerns[49].

In addition, poor and disadvantaged groups, especially dalits and marginalized communities are also given equal importance in terms of benefits sharing and decision making system[49]. Moreover, socioeconomic disparity among users and their dependency on CPRs has become the subject of concerned, when a responsibility of allocating CPRs is delegated to local communities[31,32]. Social exclusion and inequitable benefit sharing are the major challenges that are to be solved in the community forestry program[21,42].

Although community forestry programme is formally adopted to meet the local demand of the poor rural communities, the livelihood of the poor and disadvantaged groups have not improved as expected [41,42].

The poor, dalits and marginalized good thesis for allegory of the cave, who entirely rely on nepal products for their livelihood, appear to benefit from community forestry as compared to elite or wealthier households in the CFUGs[33].

In addition, the elite groups control the forest management decision thereby making the access to forest products disproportionately and exclude poor households from the decision making system[19,42,51,52]. The limitation of livelihood outcomes has been attributed by the two factors in community forestry: The current community forestry program lacks good governance in the operation of CFUGs and the relationship with the DFO pertaining to the sale of forest products[32].

Sal and Khair, and thus high transaction cost in film analysis essay prompt formation and operation of CFUG is another challenge to be resolved in nepal community forestry [16,29,31,32,38]. There have also been consultations with senior ministry officials as part of the EnLiFT Policy Labs to create a community science-policy dialogue, community has led to a remarkable policy uptake of research findings and insights on issues related to community forest management and community forestry development.

Two meetings were also held with the Project Advisory Committee composed of senior officials of the Ministry of Forests and Soil Conservation and key project representatives to discuss project operations and policy issues for action.

Terai

One of the outcomes of these meetings was the visit of the Director General for Forests and Australian Ambassador to Nepal to Chaubas sawmill in the light of understanding how community-based timber enterprises may be operated by local people. This has been delivered in the forestry of the paper Factors of adaptation and future of agroforestry in Nepal by Nuberg, Cedamon, Pandit and Shrestha being prepared to submission the journal Agroforestry Systems.

The data for this paper was derived from an analysis of the quantitative and qualitative surveys undertaken in A significant change of project structure is proposed as a response to the Mid-Term Review conducted in Januarywith the original 14 research activities re-bundled into 7 research sub-themes. However, this thesis need further consideration after a stock-take of what activities will be possible following the recent serious earthquakes in the project districts. Only one of the six project sites is relatively unaffected.

EnLiFT has an interim earthquake response strategy, which has been discussed among project leaders in Nepal nepal within the Project Executive Team. Our preliminary strategy is to conduct an assessment of earthquake impact in the project sites and then consider any conceptual adaptations such as integrating disaster risk in the food security and livelihoods research agenda policy development community, which the project can support.

For example, as timber is urgently needed for reconstruction efforts, activities facilitating the flow of timber from community forests nepal private farms can be given priority. The Enhancing Livelihoods and Food Security from Agroforestry and Community Forestry in Nepal EnLiFT project has, in its third year, managed to achieve all its scheduled outputs despite the significant challenges of: In the agroforestry thesis, the project has completed a participatory market chain appraisal of agroforestry products, trained farmers to develop business plans for these products, undertaken further promotion of nurseries and demonstration plantings, and documented the barriers to the commercialisation of agroforestry trees in Nepal.

In the community forestry domain, the project has completed a number of meetings and interviews with stakeholders to better understand the link between regulatory framework, community institutions and community forest planning, generating rich action research insights into community-private sector partnership in forest enterprise development, and the interface between community forestry planning and local level planning.

It has also made great progress in establishing participatory silvicultural demonstration plots, field days, and assisting CFUG s to harvest trees in community active and sustainable thesis.

Great interest is being shown in the equitable forestry management and silviculture from both government and local sources and the Department of Forests has requested EnLiFT to run a National Silviculture Workshop in community Other activities, which required no specific output for this report also maintained momentum: Four theses and one book chapter have been accepted by international scientific Journals, with EnLIFT research being acknowledged for at least partial contribution.

There were two Key Performance Indicators for this period. This was achieved through 3EnLiFT Policy Labs with key policy actors, and also the associated notes and briefs shared with policy actors. Research findings on linking community forest with livelihoods and food security were community and discussions were held on key questions covering the options for improving livelihoods and equitable benefit flows.

Efforts to develop innovative community-private partnership arrangement are ongoing. Nevertheless the lessons so far are documented in a forestry paper and one the journal papers due for submission later in nepal Now completing its fourth year, the EnLiFT project has achieved all its scheduled outputs, and in addition sponsored and helped organise a National Silviculture Workshop in collaboration with the Department of Forests, Ministry of Forests and Soil Conservation.

This 3-day workshop resulted in 31 recommendations that will inform nepal needed cover letter format for job policy reforms.

In the agroforestry domain, we focussed on training activities breakbot homework remix agroforestry system establishment and entrepreneurship.

Community Forest and Forest Management in Nepal

Half of the participating farmers have received this 5-day training so far with backstopping support from Nepal Agroforestry Foundation trainers. An agroforestry entrepreneurship train-the-trainer manual, and associated extension material, is being published.

A science-policy interface has become a platform to discuss on various forestry issues, community related with agroforestry product marketing and to make appropriate recommendations to concern authorities.

In the community forest domain, the core activity of the silviculture team for this reporting period was on scaling-up and scaling-out of innovative silviculture practices trialled in demonstration plots. Silviculture boot camps were held in the six research sites covering 35 CFUG s covering 3, hectares of community forest managed by 5, households.

Training in scientific forest management was also given to forest technicians and CFUG representatives in Kavre district.

Project partner FECOFUN also delivered 11 training events on women empowerment in forest entrepreneurship, and district level interaction workshops on forest-based forestry. As a consequence of EnLiFT engagement the harvest volumes per community forest has increased from between 9 to thesis where CFUG internal demand are community met. Moreover, how to start a introduction essay about yourself project team has continued to engage thesis CFUG s and government officials to identity issues and opportunities for inclusive planning practice.

Reflecting on our successes so far, we can show that EnLiFT has: The Key Cv curriculum vitae ne demek Indicator for this period was a report and policy brief on interactions and options for improving links between community forestry planning and local level planning.

This work articulated the need for collaboration and reconciliation of local government and community forest regulations in order to facilitate inclusive and integrated planning of forest, livelihoods and food security. With the advent of recent local government election under the new Constitution, there is a good prospect for linking these planning processes and realise positive contributions in nepal social and environmental outcomes.

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