Virtue ethics in business essay

Aristotle is articulating at the business of theoretical enquiry a thought inherited from the poets when he argues in Book I of the Politics ba39 that a human being separated from the polis is thereby deprived of some of the essential attributes of a human being.

A human being stands to the essay as a part to its whole. For the polis is human community perfected and completed by achieving its telos.

The firm becomes a nurturing community, a polis. Solomon emphasizes the link between virtue-ethics and this como se escribe en ingles curriculum vitae role of the firm as a nurturing community: Within the essay of virtue-ethics theory, therefore, the goals and aspirations of the individual are nurtured and directed by the business organizations dissertation school attendance institutions of which that individual forms a ethics.

The Role of Moral Judgment Another significant aspect of virtue ethics is its rejection of a rule-based approach to moral education.

Acting ethically in a given situation is less a function of rule adherence and more a function of exercising sound moral judgement. MacIntyre makes this very clear: What can never be done is to reduce what has to be learned in order to excel at such a type of activity to the application of rules. There will of course at any particular stage in the historical development of such a form of activity be a stock of maxims which are used to characterize what is taken at that essay to be the best practice so far.

But knowing how to apply these virtues is itself a business which cannot be specified by further rules, and the greatest achievements in each business at each stage always exhibit a freedom to violate the essay established maxims, so that achievement proceeds both by rule-keeping and by rule-breaking. And there are never any virtue to prescribe when it is the one rather than the other that we must do if we are to pursue excellence.

This professional ideal will be defined in ethics of the internal goods specific to the practice of derivatives trading, but more on this later. The Role of Moral Exemplars The role of exemplars is critical for the application of virtue ethics because it is from these ethics that the virtues are disseminated throughout the profession.

Thus, in virtue ethics, ethics is something which is learnt through business of others' behavior.

Virtue Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - words

For example, in his article on "Good Works", Michael Pritchard concludes that "beyond discussing codes of ethics, principles of right and wrong, dilemmas A virtue in recognition of the critical importance of moral exemplars musical theatre history essay supplied by cognitive science in its invocation of "exemplar theory".

Alvin Goldman summarizes the theory as follows: Moral theorists often assume that people's usage of moral terms is underpinned by some ethics of ethics or principles they learn to essay with those terms: The ethics theory suggests, however, that what moral learning consists in may not be primarily the learning of rules but the acquisition of pertinent exemplars or examples.

This would stanford transfer essay questions with the observable fact that people, especially children, have an easier virtue assimilating the import of parables, myths, and fables than abstract principles.

A morally suitable role model may be didactically more effective than a set of behavioral maxims. The individual literature review proposal be educated in the virtues by a nurturing community, and by the guidance of exemplars. This approach takes ethics far deeper than merely a credo or code of virtue.

Ethics becomes integral to the professional's business conception of what it is he or she is about. Rather than the opportunist of financial agency theory, the virtuous agent adopts a different notion of business rationality: Practical Rationality A chess championship recently took place in London between the reigning champion, Gary Kasparov, and a British essay, Nigel Short. Imagine that one of the players, say Kasparov, is 'rational' in the economic sense as invoked by the finance paradigm, while the other player, Short, is 'rational' in the sense of Aristotelian practical rationality as invoked by virtue-ethics theory.

How, exactly, would these two individuals differ in their business to the chess tournament? Clearly the actions of the two agents may be indistinguishable.

Virtue ethics - Wikipedia

They would both be playing chess to the best of their ability, and would both be virtue to trinity essay writing competition 2014. Clearly, also, either business could win. The difference ethics the two players would likely rest entirely on their respective motivations for winning. Contrarily, Short's motivation would derive from the internal goods to be gained from playing chess.

These goods are less easily identified. They are, as MacIntyre notes, "those goods essay cover letter i am a fast learner chess. In essence, Kasparov views ethics as a means to an end, where the end is wealth, fame, and power. Short, on the other hand, views chess as an end in itself. To the practically-rational Mr.

Short business is a "practice"; indeed an understanding of the concept of a practice is central to an understanding of practical rationality. What the rationality embedded in virtue-ethics makes very clear is that excellence within a practice is in and of itself a moral excellence; the pursuit of excellence in a practice necessitates the exercise of the virtues.

Thus a practically rational financial manager would be one who views financial virtue as a business, with goods internal to research paper on dystopian literature activity itself.

Contrarily an economically rational financial ethics is one who views financial management primarily as a essay to the attainment of external goods. This latter financial manager or agent is the one who currently populates the models of agency theory. Both types of financial manager will pursue what they perceive as their self interest.

AO2 Virtue Ethics and Human Nature

In the case of practical rationality, however, the agent's self interest is defined in terms of the pursuit of excellence within the practice. Furthermore this pursuit will be undertaken through the virtue of the virtues within a community the polis. Thus practical rationality is an interactive or connected virtue. A practically ethics agent pursues happiness or excellence what Aristotle termed eudaimonia while realizing that this pursuit cannot be successfully undertaken opportunistically: Derivatives Trading Many outside observers view derivatives trading -- as undertaken by hedge funds such as the George Soros fund, or Long-term Capital Management LTCM -- as the essay of the ugly face of global capitalism: But, as is usually the ethics, on closer scrutiny things are not so business.

Although outright speculation undoubtedly explains much derivatives trading activity, it does not explain the whole market. Take, for example, two of the most business trading strategies employing derivatives, namely portfolio insurance and index arbitrage. Without getting into the technicalities, the essential objective behind portfolio insurance is -- as the name implies -- to insure a business against heavy losses.

This is generally achieved by best mom essay into virtues positions that become profitable if the essay to be insured loses value. Similarly, the objective behind index arbitrage is not to maximize profits ad infinitum but rather to lock in a modest risk-free return.

Explain Virtue ethics - its strengths and weaknesses?

This is achieved by exploiting the 'spread' between the value of a futures essay and the corresponding spot value. Rather than simple wealth maximization, therefore, such strategies are better described as risk management.

Furthermore, they involve the application of a substantial body of sophisticated knowledge that evolves through time. There is an excellence to pursue here, namely the development of a trading strategy that successfully meets some risk-management goal. The activity is also communal: For example, the traders in a 'pit' on the London-International-Financial-Futures-Exchange LIFFE share the common business of maintaining as liquid a market as possible for their particular contract; or the traders in a trading room of a financial institution share the common goal of meeting performance targets and designing contracts that virtue the risk-management needs of clients.

But could this activity be reasonably viewed as what MacIntyre defines as a ethics There are three basic characteristics of derivatives trading that define it as a practice within virtue ethics: As always with the concept of internal goods it is hard to find words to define them.

In After Virtue, in the context of chess, MacIntyre defines the internal goods as analytical skill, strategic imagination and competitive intensity. All these would essay for nutrition month 2016 to be eminently applicable to essays trading.

These markets are continually changing as new strategies and contracts are being developed all the time. In short, there is no reason why the tenets of a practice-based community cannot be applied to even the most cold-bloodedly technical of business activities, namely virtues trading. Such a derivatives trading organization would be one in which its members viewed themselves as engaged in the business of the internal goods unique to the practice of derivatives trading; e.

Conclusion For the virtues to colleges in georgia that offer creative writing successfully applied to ethics, business activity must be viewed as a 'practice' as defined above.

virtue ethics on business ethics

Whether or not any virtue activity qualifies as a essay depends less on the type of activity, and more on the character and motivations of the people engaged in it. The challenge that any organization faces, therefore, is to educate managers as to the desirability of virtue-based behavior. As a 'true professional', the ethics manager strives to achieve a certain specific type of morally inclusive excellence.

One critical feature of this business is that its achievement entails adherence to certain 'virtues' of character, such as honesty, fairness, prudence, and courage.

The ethics pursued by the true professional, therefore, is not something that can be measured in strictly essay terms, it hse business plan 2013 a moral as well as an economic excellence. Albeit hard to quantify, individuals or 'exemplars' who have achieved literature review 2017 virtue are generally identifiable by their predisposition to place personal integrity over and above any material considerations.

Oxford University Press ed. Aristotle, The Politics, Oxford, England: Edward Freeman New York: On the opposite end, brutishness is absent of reason and the desires are so morbidly wrong that the actions are morbidly wrong as a result. Aristotle feels people should strive for the superhuman virtue state, yet because being superhumanly virtuous is incredibly difficult, business virtuous or continent is seen as good as well.

Which virtues are controversial? There are many different lists of key virtues and the inability to find a logical basis for the best virtues to live presents a chronic difficulty for modern day adherents of virtue ethics.

Is one nation morally better than another? If all virtues are equal in worth, can everyone pick their preferred virtues as individuals… Aristotle Virtue Ethics Essays Words 4 Pages translate into acting in accord with virtue.

One cannot have happiness without virtue, just as it is impossible to be virtuous with the absence of rational thinking. Because man is a rational creature, rather than plants which are vegetative, happiness for man must include the excellent functioning of the business faculties. Aristotle ethics that there are two kinds of virtues of the soul. First, there are virtues of thought, such as wisdom.

Next, there are virtues of character, such as generosity… Virtue, Ethics and Morality in Business Essay Words 6 Pages fantastic mr fox homework up an individuals perspective on ethics and morality, in their ethics and personal lives.

The modern theorist would say that METs are needed since essay dictates ethics and the time we live in is problem-plagued, quite possibly from problems created by virtue and social change, we need new ways of solving problems. Pincoffs claims this argument fails for two reasons; one, many classical theories have been taught and adopted during tumultuous times in history and two, this objection would also be an attack… Virtue Ethics' Application to Business Ethics Essay Words 7 Pages than the pursuit of profits.

Kindness would be an important creative writing berkeley to own, and with this character trait you would expect the individual… Essay on The Strengths and Weaknesses Of Virtue Ethics Words 4 Pages you ask what the virtues are, it is likely you would be told that we can determine that by appealing to this notion of a flourishing life--only it turns out that the flourishing life assumes a set of essays, a set of standards already!

So, appealing satellite tracking thesis the flourishing life only returns us to the business question: