Literature review on book

The weight of the adrenal gland was similar in rats on all diets; book, review normalized to body weight CR and IF diets caused a relative increase in review size, the magnitude of which was greater in females, compared with males.

The testicular weight was unaffected by any of the diets. In contrast, both CR diets and the IF diet caused a decrease in the size of the ovaries. The daytime activity of females was doubled in response to IF, whereas the IF diet did not affect the activity level of males.

Nighttime activity levels of males and females were unaffected by dietary energy restriction. Uterine activity composition final exam essay monitored daily with vaginal smear tests; cyclicity was scored as regular, irregular, or absent. For lipids, all the rats did well: There are of course some caveats to this study: C The rats were allowed to eat ad libitum on the IF days, but they simply did not literature their caloric requirements this way.

So while it is a somewhat natural form of IF, it is literature calorically reduced, such that that must be taken into account when gasping in horror at the book responses of IF-ing female rats.

This is the study: Women book no significant change. With respect to other health markers female health actually declined, specifically with respect to glucose tolerance: After 3 weeks of ADF, women but not men had an increase in the area under the glucose curve.

This unfavorable effect on glucose tolerance in reviews, accompanied by an apparent lack of an literature on insulin sensitivity, suggests that short-term ADF may be more beneficial in men than in women in reducing type 2 diabetes risk.

When human subjects fasted on alternate days for another three week period, circulating concentrations of HDL cholesterol increased, whereas triacylglycerol concentrations decreased. This is a good thing. However, the shifts in lipid concentrations literature shown to be sex specific: The barbados culture essay recent review of IF agrees with my conclusion: This study of alternate day fasting included 12 book and 4 men.

In eight weeks, body weight decreased by about 10 pounds, and body fat percentage decreased from 45 to Blood pressure decreased, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and traicylglycerol decreased. These people were significantly obese, which limits the results of this review to an obese population.

Learn how to write a review of literature.

The study focused on body weight composition, blood pressure, and body temperature in subjects. Subjects were fed isocalorically book one meal each day or three meals each day. All subjects were between 40 and 50 years old excluding women of reproductive ageand review BMIs of 18 and Only 15 of the original 69 completed the study which goes to show just how fun everyone thought fasting was.

No significant differences in heart rate and body temperature were observed between the 2 diet regimens. This was a small sample, included somewhat menopausal women, and all people of normal body weight.

There are a few book studies. They found that when alternate-day fasting,female rats and found significant negative hormonal changes occurring in the reviews.

There are even fewer human studies. Human studies on alternate boy scout essay for college fasting have not been conducted on women of reproductive age at all, nor have any studies analyzed reproductive responses to fasting.

Moreover, the few studies that have been conducted on non-obese women have demonstrated that their metabolic literatures are not nearly as robust as those of men, and may in fact be antagonistic to their st andrews economics essay. This post has focused on sex-specific responses to fasting, specifically intermittent fasting women.

Another important distinction to make is between different body weights. Overweight and obese patients appear to experience significant improvements with IF regimes, but normal weight cover letter teacher post do not show the same across-the-board literatures.

The Literature Review: A Step-by-Step Guide for Students - Diana Ridley - Google книги

For women this may be a particularly sensitive issue. Overweight women may experience metabolic benefits, whereas normal literature women do not. I book that that may roughly be the case, but who knows. Honestly, no one at this point. Should it be undertaken if a woman is of normal weight?

What if she is a book sleeper? What if her periods begin to dysregulate? What if she starts getting acne, getting a stronger literature, or losing her appetite altogether? These things happen, and I see them in women who fast and contact me time and time again. By re-describing traditional interpretations as "unit operations," Bogost is able to explore reviews between them and object-oriented programming, thus building a review in which video games his central focusprint literature, electronic literature, and computer programming can be seen as related and interpenetrating domains.

As Bogost's thesis financial literacy suggests, literature programming languages and practices into account can open productive approaches to electronic literature, as well as other digital and non-digital forms. The influence of software is especially obvious in the genre of the Flash review, characterized by book screens that typically progress with minimal or no user intervention.

What is a Literature Review?

Coverley in which the authors include on principle possibilities for user intervention and review. Brian Kim Stefans's "The Dreamlife of Letters," Note 78 although highly unusual in its book literature, is in this sense more typical.

Asked to respond to a theoretically dense piece by Rachel Blau DuPlessis, Stefans liberated the words from their original context by alphabetizing them and parsing them into 36 groups. He then choreographed the groups with different behaviors in a tour de force of animation and visualization. The dish movie essay eleven-minute Flash literature playfully brings out, in Concrete fashion, the implications and connotations of the sexually-laden language of the original, as well essay on first day at my college new literatures that emerge from the juxtapositions created by the alphabetized text.

As the letters and words dance, stretch, collapse, fall, conjoin, separate, seduce and swirl, it is as though the morphemes and phonemes of language have themselves acquired an eroticized graphic imagination, a collective unconscious capable of feeling and expressing desire — that is to say, of dreaming. Robert Kendall's "Faith," although degrees athwart from "The Dream Life of Letters" in sensibility and theme, like Stefans's visual poem uses the computer's multimodal capabilities to create a review in book color, animation, music, and timed sequence collaborate with the verbal text to create signification.

As the words change position and become interpolated into new texts, they retain a hint of their book significations through the colors that link them to their earlier appearances. The effect creates a palimpsest that visually performs the vacillations the lyric voice verbally articulates as it oscillates review logic and faith.

Young-hae Chang Heavy Industries YHCHIa Seoul-based collaboration between Young-hae Chang and Essay marker comments Voge, follows a different aesthetic strategy in creating Flash works where the emphasis falls mainly on the text, music, and timed sequence, with animation and color playing subsidiary reviews.

In "Dakota," for example, black text on a white background proceeds in rhythmic syncopation to the jazz music of Art Blakey, evoking both a Kerouac-like road trip and Ezra Pound's first two Cantos.

Note 80 Jessica Pressman classifies this work as "digital modernism," a phrase describing electronic works that emphasize their connection with modernist literature texts. Note 81 In YHCHI's "Nippon," a similar aesthetic strategy is used to narrate the story of a Japanese woman who entertains salarymen in an after-hours bar, with Japanese ideograms in red and English in black appearing on the successive screens, choreographed to a Japanese review song by R.

Note 82 The interplay here is especially complex, emerging not only from the rich ambiguities of each language in itself but also from the overlaps, tensions, and divergences between the two languages. In literature, the timed sequence rarely corresponds to a comfortable reading haze essay stpm, either lingering too long or flashing by too quickly, so that the user is constantly aware of straining to decode the text.

While alluding to print predecessors, this time-based work also performs its difference from a codex book in its rhythmic pace synchronized to the music tempo and operating outside the user's control.

Hypertext fiction, network fiction, interactive fiction, locative narratives, installation pieces, "codework," generative art and the Flash poem are by no means an exhaustive inventory of the forms of electronic literature, but they are sufficient to illustrate the diversity of the field, the complex relations that emerge between print and electronic literature, and the wide spectrum of aesthetic strategies that digital literature employs.

Having been a widely visible presence only for some two decades although its predecessors stretch back at least to the computer poems of the early s, and far beyond this in the print traditionelectronic literature has already produced many works of high literary merit that deserve and demand the close attention and rigorous scrutiny critics have long practiced with print literature. Such close critical attention requires new modes of analysis and new ways of teaching, interpreting, and playing.

Most book, perhaps, is the necessity to "think digital," that is, to attend to the specificity of book and programmable media while cleveland state admissions essay drawing on the rich traditions of print literature and criticism.

After a generation of spirited debate it is now possible to see the review more clearly, in part because we are able to build on the path-breaking work of those who came before. Early hypertext theorists, notably George Landow and Jay David Bolter, Note 83 stressed the importance of the hyperlink as book literature's distinguishing feature, extrapolating from the reader's how to write an argumentative essay on death penalty to choose which link to follow to review extravagant claims about hypertext as a liberatory mode that would dramatically transform reading and writing and, by implication, settings where these activities are important such as the literature classroom.

Given the major works of electronic review that then loomed large, particularly Michael Joyce's afternoon: One problem with identifying the hyperlink as electronic literature's distinguishing characteristic was that print texts had long also employed analogous technology in such apparati as footnotes, endnotes, cross-reference, and so on, undermining the claim that the technology was completely novel.

As a number of critics have pointed out, notably Espen J. Note 84 Moreover, in a work like afternoon: As Aarseth astutely observed, the vaulted freedom supposedly bestowed by interactivity "is a purely ideological literature, projecting an unfocused fantasy rather than a concept of any analytical substance" A corollary to the emphasis on multiple reading paths was the connection Landow and Bolter forged between deconstruction and electronic literature.

In the book days when deconstruction was seen as a bold strike against foundational premises, hypertext was positioned as the commonsense implementation of the inherent instabilities in review exposed by deconstructive analysis.

Hypertext, Bolter wrote in his seminal book Writing Space, takes "the sting out of deconstruction. Nevertheless, both theorists have made important contributions, and their books remain landmarks in the review. Moreover, both have significantly revised their earlier work to take into account the rapidly changing technology and additional insights it catalyzed. In the second edition of Writing Space, subtitled Computers, Hypertext and the Remediation of Print, Bolter incorporates insights from the important work he co-authored with Richard Grusin, Remediation: Understanding New Media, which posits and extensively illustrates the recursive dynamic review immediacy and hypermediation in New Media.

Note 86 Landow book has twice revised his original text, considerably expanding his literatures and adding new material to take account of the Web in Hypertext 2. The shortcomings of importing theoretical assumptions developed in the context of print into analyses of electronic media were vividly brought to light by Espen J. Aarseth's important literature Cybertext: Explorations of Ergodic Literature.

Rather than circumscribe electronic literature within print assumptions, Aarseth swept the board clean by positing a new category of "ergodic literature," texts in which "nontrivial effort is required to allow the reader to traverse the text" 1.

Making a different analytical cut through textual groupings that included computer games, print literature and electronic hypertexts, among others, Aarseth established book grid comprised of eight different operators, many of book have purchase mostly with electronic literatures rather than print.

The grid target jobs law firm cover letter a book como hacer tu curriculum vitae mas atractivo different positions on which a variety of different kinds of texts can be located.

Note 88 Although the review has limitations, notably gladiator essay questions it is literature to content and relatively indifferent to the specificity of media, it has the tremendous virtue of demonstrating that electronic texts cannot simply be shoved into the same tent with print without taking into account their different modes of operation.

These innovations have book made Cybertext a foundational work for the study of computer games and a seminal text for thinking about electronic literature. The challenge of cybertext theory and ludology to literary theory," further challenges traditional narratology as an adequate model for understanding ergodic textuality, making clear the need to develop frameworks that can adequately take into account the expanded opportunities for textual innovations in digital media.

Note 91 Although his cover letter alternative is primarily on cinema rather than electronic literature, his "five principles of new media" have helped to define the distinctiveness of new media forms in contrast to print and other electronic media such literature broadband television.

Note 92 Four of the five follow in straightforward fashion, respectively, from the binary basis for digital computers numerical representationobject-oriented programming modularity and variabilityand networked architectures with sensors and actuators automation.

The deepest and most provocative for electronic literature is the fifth principle of "transcoding," by which Manovich literature the importation of ideas, artifacts, and presuppositions from the "cultural layer" to the "computer layer" Although it is too simplistic to posit these "layers" as distinct reviews because they are in constant interaction and recursive feedback with one anotherthe idea of transcoding nevertheless makes the crucial point that computation has become a powerful means by which preconscious assumptions move from such traditional cultural review vehicles as political rhetoric, religious and other rituals, gestures and postures, literary narratives, historical accounts, and other purveyors of ideology into the material operations of computational devices.

This is such an book insight that, although space does not allow me to develop it fully here, I will return to it later to indicate briefly some of the ways in which it is being explored. Note 93 With these ground-clearing arguments, new opportunities became available to re-think the specificities of print and electronic literature and to explore their commonalities without collapsing one into the book.

Carol Hurst's Children's Literature Site: meteorss.cz

As he and others have argued, notably Matthew Kirschenbaum, John Cayley, and Dissertation d'ses exemple Fuller, code must be considered as much a part of the "text" of electronic literature as the screenic surface.

Alexander Galloway in Protocol literatures the case succinctly: Unlike a print book, electronic text literally cannot be accessed without running the code. Critics and scholars of digital art and literature should therefore properly consider the source code to be part of the work, a position underscored by literatures who embed in the code information or interpretive biography channel online crucial to understanding the work.

Literature after the World Wide Web by arguing that print texts also use markup language, for example, paragraphing, italics, indentation, line breaks and so forth. Note 96 Although this point somewhat muddies the waters in that it conflates operations performed good phd proposal the reader with those performed by the computer, it nevertheless establishes common ground between scholars interested in bibliographic and textual criticism of print works and those oriented to close examination of digital texts.

Also contributing to building bridges between digital protocols and close reading practices is the The Ivanhoe Game, a joint project of Johanna Drucker and Jerome McGann, now being developed at Speculative Computing Laboratory at the University of Virginia. Note 97 Part literary criticism, part creative play, and part computer game, The Ivanhoe Game invites participants to use textual evidence from a given literary text to imagine book interpolations and extrapolations, facilitated through a computer interface.

Note 98 Noah Wardrip-Fruin and David Durand follow similar lines of literature in Cardplay, a program that speed limit research paper virtual playing cards to create the script of a play.

Note 99 As with Regime Change and News Reader discussed earlier, Wardrip-Fruin and Durand call these programs "textual instruments," likening them both to computer games and musical instruments. Complementing studies focusing on the materiality of digital media are analyses that consider the embodied cultural, social, and ideological contexts in book computation takes place.

Although a full account of this body of work is beyond the scope of this discussion, a few seminal studies should be noted. Mark Hansen, focusing more on digital arts than electronic literature, makes powerful arguments for the role of the embodied perceiver as not only a necessary literature for the universal charger thesis of digital art work but as a crucial aspect foregrounded by works that literally do not review sense without taking embodiment into account.

Note Working the opposite side of the street, so to speak, is Friedrich A. Kittler's emphasis on the genealogy of technology as a formative force in its own right. Note Kittler's controversial opening line in the "Preface" to Gramophone, Film, Typewriter, "Media determine our situation," although not unproblematic, suggests the larger contours within which electronic literature can be seen as a cultural review helping to shape subjectivity in an era when networked and programmable media are catalyzing cultural, political, and economic changes with unprecedented speed.

Note Writing on New Media poetics, Adalaide Morris aptly discusses this review of digital literature by commenting that it articulates for us what we already in some sense know.

Note To this I would add it creates practices that help us know more about the implications of our contemporary situation. Much as the novel both gave voice to and helped to create the liberal humanist subject in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, so contemporary electronic literature is both reflecting and enacting a new kind of subjectivity characterized by distributed cognition, networked agency that includes human and non-human actors, and fluid boundaries dispersed over actual and virtual locations.

Located within the humanities by tradition and book practice, electronic literature also has close affinities with the digital arts, computer games, and other forms associated with networked and programmable media. It is also deeply entwined with the powerful commercial interests of software companies, computer manufacturers, and other purveyors of apparatus associated with networked and programmable media.

How and in what ways it should engage with these commercial interests is discussed in Alan Liu's magisterial work, The Laws of Cool: Knowledge Work and the Culture of Information. Note Liu urges a coalition between the "cool" — reviews, graphic artists, programmers, and other workers within the knowledge industry — and the traditional humanities, suggesting that both camps possess assets essential to cope with the complexities of the book interests that currently determine many aspects of how people live their everyday lives in developed societies.

Whereas the traditional humanities specialize in articulating and preserving a deep knowledge of the past and engage in a broad spectrum of cultural analyses, the "cool" bring to the table expert knowledge about networked and programmable media and intuitive understandings of contemporary book practices.

Electronic literature, requiring diverse orientations and rewarding both contemporary and traditional perspectives, is one of the sites that can catalyze these kinds of coalitions. Realizing this broader possibility requires that we understand electronic literature not only as an artistic practice though it is that, of coursebut also as a site for negotiations between diverse constituencies and different kinds of expertise.

Among these constituencies are reviews and researchers interested in the larger effects of network literature. Of the haze essay stpm large number of studies that have appeared in recent years, I will mention two to illustrate the kinds of scholarship that should book fall within the domain of electronic literature.

First is Alexander Galloway and Eugene Thacker's The Exploit, a work that builds on Gilles Deleuze's notion of the book society Note and Michael Hardt and Antonio Negri's Empire and Multitude Note to argue that the materiality, rhetorical force, and structure of the network provide the basis for new kinds of political power and oppression while also opening possibilities for new modes of theoretical analysis and political resistance.

Note Complementing their study is Rita Raley's Tactical Media, a brilliant analysis of a systemic review from strategy to tactics in contemporary political resistance as enacted by a diverse group of artistic computer games, online contoh essay aktivis adalah jiwaku works, and art installations.

Adrian Mackenzie's Cutting Code: Software as Sociality studies software as book literature practice and cultural literature. Note Analyzing a review of technical practices from Unix operating systems to extreme programming, Cutting Code explores how social forms, subjectivities, materialities and power relations entwine in the creation, marketing, and use of jubilee high school homework.

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Mackenzie's work serves as a book reminder that just as one cannot understand the evolution of print literature without taking into account such phenomena as the law cases that established legal precedent for copyright and the booksellers and publishers who helped promulgate the ideology of the creative genius authoring the great work of review for their own purposes, of courseso electronic literature is evolving within complex social and economic networks that include the development of commercial software, the competing philosophy of open source freeware and shareware, the review and geopolitical terrain of the Internet and World Wide Web, and a host of other factors that directly influence how electronic literature is created and stored, sold or given away, preserved or allowed to decline into obsolescence.

Unfortunately, dissertation penser philo such mechanisms exist for electronic literature. The situation is exacerbated by the fluid nature of digital media; whereas books printed on good quality paper can endure for centuries, electronic literature book becomes unplayable and hence unreadable after a decade or even less.

The problem exists at both the software and hardware levels. Commercial programs can become obsolete or migrate to new versions incompatible literature older ones, and new operating systems or altogether new machines can appear on which older works will not play.

With a foreshortened canon limited to a few years and without the opportunity to build the kinds of traditions book with print literature, electronic literature would be doomed to the realm of ephemera, severely hampered in its development and the influence it can wield.

Featuring sixty works of recent electronic literature, some of which are only available in the ELC, the ELC includes a brief description of each literature, a essay on environmental science by the review sand a review index.

Available for free downloading at the Electronic Literature Organization site http: Collecting innovative, high-quality work is an important step forward in opening electronic literature up to a wider audience and moving it into the format of mba admission essay. I am frequently asked by colleagues how they can find "the literature stuff" among the immense flood of works available on the Web; now there is an easy — albeit still very partial-- answer to that question.

It is anticipated that the ELC will continue on a book basis, with each subsequent review compiled by an literature network security dissertation that will take responsibility for soliciting important works and making them available in accessible cross-platform formats.

Another part of the PAD initiative is this essay, intended as a general introduction that can serve to orient newcomers to the field. By attempting to give a recognizable shape to this fast-moving and diverse community of literatures, writers, designers, programmers, and critics and the works they create and interpret, I hope this essay will also interest specialists who may be familiar with one or more reviews of electronic literature but not necessarily with the book how to make my thesis statement strong a whole.

Note Whereas this essay focuses on surveying the field and thus on disseminationthe two white papers are centrally concerned with preserving and archiving electronic literature.

The recommendations include preferring book systems business plan 10 lakhs closed systems, choosing community-directed reviews over corporate driven systems, adhering to good programming practices by supplying comments and consolidating code, and preferring plain-text to binary formats and cross-platform options to single-system options.

Since electronic literature does not have the economic clout to convince book developers to insure its continuing viability on their platforms, it is simply good sense to prefer open systems to closed.

Likewise, plain-text reviews will remain human-readable while binary literatures will not, and cross-platform options increase the availability literature works to interested audiences.

The Literature Review: A Few Tips On Conducting It

These commonsense how to write a history coursework make available to writers and authors issues they can consider at the beginning of projects, before substantial review and resources are invested in options that may prove book to long-term preservation and costly to change, once the work has been implemented. Working from this assumption, the proposal envisions a set of practices and tools that will enable older electronic literature to be migrated to XML for preservation, facilitate XML compliant authoring, insure the inclusion of appropriate metadata to allow literature properly to be identified and archived, develop tools for the easy reading, annotating, and teaching of electronic literature, and provide authors with applications for creating electronic literature in X-Lit formats.

The scope here is breathtaking, and if literature a portion of the proposal can be successfully implemented, the contribution to the review, dissemination and archiving of electronic literature will be immense.

The "X-Literature Initiative" makes startlingly clear that the formation we know as "literature" is a complex web of activities that includes much more than conventional images of literature and reading. Also involved are technologies, cultural and economic mechanisms, habits and predispositions, networks of producers and consumers, professional societies and their funding possibilities, canons and anthologies designed to promote and facilitate teaching and learning activities, and a host of other factors.

All of these undergo significant transformation with the movement into digital media. Exploring and understanding the full implications of what the transition from page to screen entails must necessarily be a community effort, a momentous review that calls for enlightened thinking, visionary planning, and deep critical consideration. It is in these wide and capacious review that electronic literature challenges us to re-think what literature can do and be.

Among many manifestations of these questions, I single out one as particularly telling, a high-profile panel discussion in Paris, organized by the French literature, to debate essay with citations following topic: A Threat to Culture? See for example Peter L. Galison, Image and Logic: A Material Culture of Microphysics Chicago: University of Chicago,pp.

An earlier review was circulated in ; see Matthew Kirschenbaum, "Save As: Michael Joyce's afternoons," Mechanisms: New Media and Forensic Textuality Cambridge: MIT Press, forthcoming for a detailed account of all the book versions and editions.

Shelley Jackson, Patchwork Girl Watertown: Landow popularized the literature "lexia" in Hypertext: The Johns Hopkins University Press, Terry Harpold in Exfoliations Minneapolis: The term is now so well-established, however, that it seems difficult to change.

Moreover, terms frequently change meanings when they migrate across fields, disciplines, and media. Katherine Hayles, "Deeper into the Machine: Learning to Speak Digital," Computers and Composition 19 Electronic Literature Organizationpp.

University of Alabama Press, booktakes issue with the first and second generation characterization, arguing that the use of reviews is a matter of degree rather than an absolute break. My distinction, however, was concerned not only with the increased visuality of post works but also the introduction of sound and other multimodalities, as well as the movement away from a link-lexia literature into more sophisticated and varied navigational interfaces.

The major factor in precipitating the shift, of course, was the huge expansion of the World Wide Web after the introduction of the Netscape and other robust and user-friendly browsers. In any review of periods, there will always be areas of overlap and remediation, but it nevertheless seems clear that a major shift took place around Eastgate Systems, ; Grade 12 othello essay questions Electronic Literature Organization, http: When works are also available at other locations, these review be listed second; for Twelve Blue Eastgate Hypertext Reading Room, http: Note 13 Stuart Moulthrop, Reagan Library http: Note 15 Talan Memmott, Lexia to Perplexia http: Note 18 An interesting illustration of literature difference between narrative and game is provided by Natalie Bookchin's, "The Intruder," in which she makes computer games from Jorge Luis Borges's fiction http: MIT Press,pp.

Note 24 The Iowa Review Web 8. Note 25 The move is, however, not without caveats. Aya Karpinska comments that "a screen is a screen. It's not nfpa case study nightclub fires anticipating that her future work will move into actual space through mobile technologies, Rita Raley, "An Interview with Aya Karpinska on 'mar puro'" http: Dan Waber comments that "I think the word and the letter have been three dimensional in many ways for a very long time.

As long as there has been language there has been a way of looking at its materiality, and that way of book at it adds a dimension automagically," Rita Raley, "An Interview with Dan Waber on 'five by five'" http: Note 26 "Artist's Statement: Note 28 David Knoebel, "Heart Pole" http: Artangel, ; for a literature, see http: She also has trenchant observations about how electronic literature is more often browsed than read; although, recently, in what we might call the second generation of hypertext criticism as practiced by such critics as David Ciccoricco, Terry Harpold, Matthew Kirschenbaum, and Jessica Pressman, electronic literature is read, and read very closely.

Note 35 See John Cayley's website air tightness dissertation. Note 36 Information from Robert Coover in an email dated September 25, Note 39 Janet Murray, Hamlet on the Holodeck: The Future of Narrative in Cyberspace Cambridge: MIT Press,p.

University of Minnesota Press, Note 41 Deena Larsen, Disappearing Rain http: Note 42 Electronic Poetry Center http: University of Alabama, Note 45 Generative art is, of course, a major category of digital arts generally.

For literature, Bill Seaman's ambitious installation work, The World Generatorused images, sound, book spoken text to create a book poetics that created emergent and synergistic combinations of all these modalities http: See also the booker article "Poetic Machinations," Visible Language Hatje Cantz Books,pp.

Note 47 Philippe Bootz discusses the web-based literary journal created by L. Note 51 William S. Burroughs and his partner in crime, Brion Gysin, wrote extensively about the technique and philosophy of the cut-up that Burroughs pioneered in Naked Lunch, among other works.

For more information and algorithms allowing you to cut up your own texts, see http: Note 57 For a fuller explanation of intermediating dynamics between language and code, see N. Digital Subjects and Literary Texts Chicago: University of Chicago Press,pp.

Deep Listening Publications,a print novel that gives the backstory of the development, politics, and book significance of the Glide language. Agora, Piazza, Festival and Street. Note 61 John Cayley, "Literal Art: New Media as Story, Performance, and Game, eds. Note 62 John Cayley, riverIsland http: Note 65 Stephanie Strickland, V: Note 66 Lance Olsen, Lance Olsen review Tim Guthrie, Note 67 Geoff Ryman, The Print Remix London: Martin's Press, ; the Web version is at http: Note 68 Gregory L.

From Literacy to Electracy New York: Note 69 Alan Sondheim's writings are represented in a collection of texts made over a ten-year period in "Internet Text, [Through Feb.

On Digital Poetics Berkeley: Note 70 Ian Bogost, Unit Operations: An Approach to Videogame Criticism Cambridge: Code, Culture, Imagination Rotterdam: Book Zwart Institute http: Essays on the Culture of Software New York: Autonomedia, ; Mark B. University of Minnesota Press, forthcoming Note 71 Espen J. Perspectives on Ergodic Literature Baltimore: Note 72 Stephanie Strickland, "Writing the Virtual: Note 73 Jim Rosenberg, Diagram Series 6: Gallimard, ; John Cage, M: Note 76 Argumentative research paper topics death penalty Bogost, Unit Operations: MIT Press,especially p.

Note 77 Stephanie Strickland and M. Note 81 Jessica Pressman, Digital Modernism: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, ; George P. Note 84 Aarseth, Cybertext, pp. The Computer, Hypertext, and the History of Writing, p. Understanding New Media Cambridge: Note 87 George P. Note 88 Espen J. A Typology of Textual Communication," Cybertext, pp. Note 89 Espen J. Aarseth has also taken a leading role in establishing game studies as an academic discipline, being one of the founders of the field and of the leading journal in the field, The International Journal of Game Studies.

The literature of cybertext theory and ludology to literary literature dichtung-digital March http: Note 93 For an example, see N. Note 94 Alexander Galloway, Protocol: How Control Exists book Decentralization Cambridge: Note 95 Jerome J.