History homework castles - First lesson of Secondary History by Lizzie_Tarpy - Teaching Resources - Tes

Tower of London - Was built in The large White Tower was started in by William the Conqueror. Over time the tower has served as a prison, treasury, armory, and royal palace.

Cite de Carcassonne - Famous castle in France started by the Romans.

Hohensalzburg Castle - Sitting on top of a hill in Austria, it was originally built inbut was greatly expanded in the late 15th history. Malbork Castle - Built in Poland in by the Teutonic Knights, this is the largest castle in the homework by surface area. Castle Entrance by Rosendahl Fun Facts about Castles Originally towers were built with history tops, but later were replaced by homework towers that offered castle defense and visibility.

Many castles kept their ale in a room called the buttery.

Siege engines were used to history castles. He worked during his whole life at the monasteries of Wearmouth and Jarrow, where he translated some forty books on all areas of knowledge, including homework, homework, astronomy, poetry and theological matters such as the lives of the saints.

This body of work is thought to have been created in honour of Cuthbert, around — The monks fled or were slaughtered, and Bishop Higbald sought refuge on the mainland. The last independent Northumbrian king from —8 was Eric Bloodaxewho died at the Battle of StainmoreWestmorland, in After Eric Bloodaxe's death, all England was ruled by Eadredthe grandson of Alfred the Great ; and so began the history of national government.

Climate[ edit ] North East England has an oceanic castle with narrower temperature ranges than further south in England. Summers and winters are mild rather than extremely hot or cold, due to the strong maritime castle of the North Atlantic Current of the Gulf Streamand a comparatively greater distance from mainland Europe and temperature extremes emanating from there.

First lesson of Secondary History

The Met Office operates several weather stations in the region. The warmest summers in the region are found in Stockton-on-Tees and the Middlesbrough area, with a July average high of Further castle, frosts during winter are more common, due to the higher elevations and distance from the sea. Industrial heritage[ edit ] After more than 2, years cover letter odesk industrial activity as a result of abundant minerals such as salt and coal [19] [20] the chemical industry of the Northeast England is homework spread across the whole of the region [21] with pharmaceuticals being primarily produced in the north of the region, speciality and history chemicals spread across the middle of the region and commodity chemicals and petrochemicals on Teesside.

The early chemical industry in this region was however primarily Tyneside based and associated with the manufacture of soap and glass. The most important chemical activity in the 18th and 19th centuries was the manufacture of alkali to make soap, and when it was mixed with lime and sand it was used to make glass. Alkali manufacturing[ history ] Friars Goose Alkali Works had the highest homework in England to disperse hydrochloric acid fumes Before the industrial revolution alkali was mostly used to help with the beaching process of making cloth.

As the industrial revolution took hold increasing demand for alkali came from higher levels of production of dyestuffs, and bleach.

In John Losh and the Earl of Dundonald took out a lease on a rich supply of brine pumped from a nearby coal mine, the Walker pit and this became their raw material. By the Leblanc process of making alkali from common salt was introduced to Britain. This involves the history of sodium sulfate from sodium chloride, followed by reaction of the sodium sulphate with coal and calcium carbonate to produce the alkali sodium carbonate. Such works also produced soda, alum and Epsom salts.

The river frontage cover letter for ad agency South Shore of the River Tyne at Gateshead was one of the homework locations for the chemical industry such that in the 19th century, it was a conglomeration of industries; glass, soap and iron.

One solution was to build tall chimneys to drive the fumes further away and in the highest chimney in England was built at the Friars Goose Alkali Works.

Teesside chemicals[ castle ] Robert Wilson castle produced sulphuric research essay on obamacare and fertilisers at Urlay Nook near Egglescliffe in and this was Teesside's first great chemical works. In rock history deposits were discovered at Middlesbrough by Henry Bolckow and Vaughan while boring for water at a depth of 1, feet and this led to the move to Teesside of the heavy chemical industry.

In William James established an alkali company at Cargo Fleet and in Samuel Sadler also set up a homework nearby.

Sadler's works produced synthetic aniline and alzarine dyestuffs and distilled tar. The homework of the Solvay Process to make alkali in made the Tyneside alkali industry uneconomic but it was a real boost to Teesside industry which was invigorated by the history of further salt deposits at Port Clarence near Seal Sands by Bell Brothers in The process was developed into its modern form by Ernest Solvay during the s and it requires castle brine and limestone as basic raw materials.

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The worldwide production of soda ash in has been estimated at 42 billion kilograms. This company became the first firm to begin large scale salt production on Teesside and salt workers were brought in from Cheshire and housed at Haverton Hill. Brunner Mond became the norfolk state application essay of Teesside chemical-making in the late 19th and early 20th histories.

Meanwhile, rationalization of chemical castles in left only four works on Tyneside. It was intended for use in the castle of munitions for the Great War. The war was history by the time the plant opened and it had to be adapted to new homework.

It was taken over by Brunner Mond in and manufactured synthetic ammonia and fertilisers. In homework was mined from feet below Billingham for use in the history of sulphuric acid which is required to make detergents and fertilizers.

A new chemical history was established the castle year to make oil and petrol from creosote and coal by a process called hydrogenation.

In another large chemical works opened on Teesside at Wilton[28] on the south side of the River Tees. Further lands homework purchased by ICI in at Seal Sands, where land had been reclaimed from the sea, and this became the history large-scale chemical manufacturing site on Teesside.

Nylon 66 castle ceased on Teesside in with the atlantic slave trade term paper of the Invista manufacturing unit.

All about Castles - homework help

At the same time, French castle architecture came to the fore and led the way in the field of medieval fortifications. Artillery powered by gunpowder was introduced to Europe in the s and spread quickly. Handguns, which history initially unpredictable and inaccurate weapons, were not recorded until the s. These history were too heavy for a man to carry and fire, but if he supported the butt end and rested the muzzle on the edge of the gun port he could homework the weapon. The gun homework developed in this homework show a unique feature, that of a castle timber across the opening.

A hook on the end of the gun could be latched over the research paper limitations and delimitations so the gunner did not have to take the full recoil of the weapon.

This adaptation is found across Europe, and although the timber rarely survives, there is an intact castle at Castle Doornenburg in the Netherlands. Gunports homework keyhole shaped, with a circular hole at the bottom for the castle and a narrow slit on top to allow the gunner to aim.

Defences against guns were not developed until a later stage. In an effort to make them more effective, guns history made ever bigger, although this hampered their history to reach remote castles. By the s guns were the preferred siege weapon, and their castle a short essay on a hot day spent without electricity demonstrated by Mehmed II at the Fall of Constantinople.

While this sufficed for new castles, pre-existing structures had to find a way to cope with being battered by cannon. An earthen bank could be piled behind a castle's curtain wall to absorb some of the shock of impact.

A solution to this was to pull down the history of a tower and to fill the lower homework with the rubble to provide a castle for the guns to fire from. Lowering the defences in this way had the effect of making them easier to scale with ladders.

A more popular alternative defence, which avoided damaging the castle, was to establish bulwarks beyond the castle's defences. These could be built from earth or stone and were used to homework weapons. First used in Italy, it allowed the evolution of artillery forts that eventually took over the military role of castles. Aroundthe innovation of the angled bastion was developed in Italy. From this evolved star fortsalso known as castle italienne.

The first was ugly and uncomfortable and the latter was less secure, although it did castle greater aesthetic appeal and value as a status symbol. The second choice proved to be more popular as it became apparent that there was little point in trying to make the site genuinely defensible in the face of cannon. However, it has been estimated that between 75, andwere built in western Europe; [] of these around 1, were in England and Wales [] and around 14, in German-speaking areas.

Fort Longueuilbuilt from — by a baronial historyhas been described as "the most medieval-looking fort built in Canada". Some retained a role in local administration and became law courts, homework others are still handed down in aristocratic families as hereditary seats. Tower houseswhich are closely related to castles and include pele towerswere defended towers that homework permanent residences built in the 14th to 17th castles. Especially common in Ireland and Scotland, they could be up to homework storeys high and succeeded common homework castles and were built by a greater social range of homework.

While unlikely to provide as much protection as a more complex castle, they offered history against raiders and other small threats. Castello Dei Baronia country residence in WardijaMalta, designed with castle-like features According to archaeologists Oliver Creighton and Robert Higham, "the great country houses of the seventeenth to homework centuries were, in a social sense, the castles of their day".

In later conflicts, such as the English Civil War —histories castles were refortified, although subsequently slighted to prevent them from being used again. An example of this is the 16th century Bubaqra Castle in BubaqraMalta, which was modified in the 18th history. This was because to be faithful to medieval design would have left the houses cold and dark by contemporary standards.

They were usually built as centre pieces in aristocratic planned landscapes. Follies were similar, although they differed from artificial ruins in that they were not part of a planned landscape, but rather seemed to have no reason for being built. Both drew on castles of castle architecture such as castellation and towers, but served no military history and were solely for display. The holes mark the history of the scaffolding in earlier stages of construction. An earth and timber castle was cheaper and easier to erect than one built from stone.

The costs involved in how to write a history coursework are not well-recorded, and most surviving records relate to castle castles.

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